<figure><img alt="Children theme park miniature at Madurodam" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*eruUKEXpLcJ7yn-7"><figcaption>Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@nazimcoskun?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Nazim Coskun</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure>You must have read or heard about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels">Gulliver traveler</a> or Liliput, In India, there is a whole Chapter about it in Hindi textBook, nevermind it is a fictional tale by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> where a person named gulliver finds himself a prisoner of a race of tiny people, I still remember when I read that story in 5th standard I never thought I would be able to witness the similar city in realty but recently I got a chance to visit <a href="https://www.madurodam.nl/en">Madurodam</a> which is a miniature city located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague">The Hague, Netherlands</a>. It is a popular tourist attraction that features intricately detailed miniature replicas of famous Dutch landmarks, buildings, and cities. In this blog, we will witness this fascinating destination via our camera, experience, and imagination.
<figure><img alt="Madurodam Front View" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*1ovlfOUXm_euJ3VDK9Dxhw.jpeg"><figcaption>Madurodam Front View</figcaption></figure><blockquote>Loosen your seat belt and be a child again</blockquote>
<h4>History of Madurodam</h4>
Madurodam was created in 1952 as a tribute to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Maduro">George Maduro</a>, a Dutch war hero who died during World War II, After the war, Maduro’s parents donated money to create a park in his memory. The park was designed to be a miniature city that would showcase the beauty and diversity of the Netherlands. The park was opened to the public on July 2, 1952, and quickly became a popular tourist attraction.
<h4>The Attractions of Madurodam</h4>
<ol><li>
Discover George’s Story… As we read it is built in memory of Dutch warrior <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Maduro">George Maduro</a> so the first thing you will witness is a short movie on George’s life in Dom theater, it was good to know a bit of history before beginning the fun</li></ol>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*AlEJ-psJ0tnGnh9nyZjvBw.jpeg"></figure>Madurodam is home to over 700 miniature replicas of famous Dutch landmarks, buildings, and cities, once we came out of the theater we are in a world where we can see the whole Netherlands in one go but in shorter form seems like some magician did `abra-ka-dabra` and we are in the new world
<figure><img alt="First View of Madurodam" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*gYsP7wb8wI4-_sEaxjAyLQ.jpeg"><figcaption>First View of Madurodam</figcaption></figure><figure><img alt="First View of Madurodam" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*15RX7wZR-IpwykA0UkHJVA.jpeg"><figcaption>First View of Madurodam</figcaption></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*8elekRFBiMFt47EyazoK2A.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*9bl_yMYNUAn_T5w9p-OMyg.jpeg"><figcaption>We can’t resist ourself to pose with this beautiful background</figcaption></figure>2. Let's weigh the Kass(Cheese)… If You are in the Netherlands and have not experienced the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_cheese_markets">Dutch Gouda cheese market</a> then you must feel FOMO, but no worries At Madurodam you can experience the Dutch Kaas market and try some hands with Kaas weighing
<figure><img alt="Let’s weigh the Kass at Madurodam" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*dxzQQO3FiQem_1VNyb6fWw.jpeg"><figcaption>Let’s weigh the Kass at Madurodam</figcaption></figure>3. Den Haag Binnenhof (Netherland Parliment)… This miniature replica of the Dutch parliament building is one of the most popular attractions in Madurodam. Visitors can watch a miniature version of the Dutch government at work, complete with tiny debates and discussions, I highly recommend visiting the real <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnenhof_(Den_Haag)">Den Haag Binnenhof</a> on the same day as both are in the same International City `Den Haag`
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*mB5k0hEOAWSDZxguoohsUw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*VCFgLaaLSbCLi1Ld4AwyHA.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*Pe4oAIJ3pp5f8GpU_7G5uQ.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="Den Haag Binnenhof (Netherland Parliment)" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*C64F4sML4s1obuvS1YjG4Q.jpeg"><figcaption>Den Haag Binnenhof (Netherland Parliment)</figcaption></figure>4. Let's enjoy Music Night… If you want to play music like DJ and want to see the audience dancing on your fingers then you can do that in Madrodam
<a href="https://medium.com/media/ffcf0af726b6212599dde9dac196f0ff/href">https://medium.com/media/ffcf0af726b6212599dde9dac196f0ff/href</a>5. Have Some History Lessons at New Amsterdam Show... How Many of you know The old name Of New York was New Amsterdam? I am 100% sure very few people know about this, right? But At Madurodam you will get a chance to Improve your history, You can experience 6 min `New Amsterdam Show` to know how New York was created by Dutch in 1624,
<blockquote>Both English and Dutch shows available in alternate order</blockquote>
<figure><img alt="New Amsterdan show at Madrodam" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*MySbEgTHXmRFI2z_aXuKvw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*2USSil7fRL4x3iy45QXoSw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*Gt0ZliHvW7OvJvHl_QXtGw.jpeg"><figcaption>New Amsterdan show at Madrodam</figcaption></figure>6. Experience Trams/Trains and stations around it… When you move forward you will see a lot of landmarks in Miniature form but the one thing which is kept on running from here and there and seeking the attention of the child within you is Tram/Train.
<a href="https://medium.com/media/e9ecf2357e6a73bf89460141ce91a033/href">https://medium.com/media/e9ecf2357e6a73bf89460141ce91a033/href</a><a href="https://medium.com/media/3e7c194d5f221b5fc9571637443b997d/href">https://medium.com/media/3e7c194d5f221b5fc9571637443b997d/href</a>6. Flower Market 🌷 The Netherlands is the world's largest exporter of flowers in the world with 53% market share, Daily flower Auction is held at Royal FloraHolland, you can enjoy market basic in miniature form
<a href="https://medium.com/media/94b1920bdb5413bf005b8cc15d36e06e/href">https://medium.com/media/94b1920bdb5413bf005b8cc15d36e06e/href</a><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*D-PXih_7_l10fKNgiNdZIw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*b7Dq7Kaja1F3N3rWsClNfA.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*mIGVtA8oUpsAKD39OYomUg.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*hTRb-ciCla0vZXX5s-ZH2A.jpeg"><figcaption>Flower market Miniature at Madurodam</figcaption></figure>7. The Flying Dutchman Show Board one of the last Dakota planes in the Netherlands and get ready for a flight that goes beyond flying. In The Flying Dutchman, you will discover everything about the pioneers who made this small country great. enjoy the coolest flight of your life!
<a href="https://medium.com/media/8046532cccc088c6ea6acc99bd24e0f5/href">https://medium.com/media/8046532cccc088c6ea6acc99bd24e0f5/href</a><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*q74HwCi7ocPvUpWpffKntQ.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*AtZluy9Zms4w2CZzSf-ehw.jpeg"></figure>8. The Rijksmuseum Amsterdam This miniature replica of the famous Amsterdam museum is incredibly detailed and features many of the museum’s most famous works of art.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*Su9Lnr_ZQRrutOKhPtfQGA.jpeg"><figcaption>Rijksmuseum Miniature at madurodam</figcaption></figure>9. Defeat the Waterwolf This miniature replica of the famous Dutch flood protection system is both impressive and educational. Visitors can learn about the history of the system and how it has protected the country from flooding. This is one of the must-watch shows, we missed this one as this was at the exit gate and we were busy enjoying all other things.
Other popular attractions in Madurodam include miniature windmills, canals, and cities like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Utrecht.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*DxCWEYd05BN0xO8RPwX3qg.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*UPbB6i2MstmVtmaWZzYcXg.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*avm3Q-wSAfw9rFJwij1qpQ.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*o338hMsdo8BQ6O0XdV6-Gg.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*GkjKaIEV4D5-QtD0Jk7LAA.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*F-DJ613ygzXy4aB0ltxHPw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*unHQB3gNCW8iCkCG7FGqug.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*LlwbuG8JT1A-g3caC9HGGw.jpeg"></figure><h4>Visiting Madurodam</h4>
<ol>
<li>
How to reach Madurodam is open year-round and is a popular destination for tourists of all ages. The park is easily accessible by public transportation, The Madroand Tram station is just outside the park and line 9 takes you there from Both Den Haag Central and HS stations, Moreover, it is just 45 Min Drive from Amsterdam and there are several parking options for those who choose to drive.</li>
<li>
Tickets Fixed date Ticket will cost you €18 + some dynamic charge if you are buying it for a weekend, flexible date Ticket will cost you €23, You can purchase the tickets from the official website of <a href="https://www.madurodam.nl/en/tickets">Madurodam</a> or try <a href="https://tiqets.tp.st/mVHcILNu">Tiqets.com</a> to save some dynamic charges, Don’t forget to reserve your time slot after purchasing a ticket <a href="https://tickets.madurodam.nl/en/partner-korting-2020/tickets?_ga=2.236709377.1029705992.1679673506-1307545560.1678626088">here</a>
</li>
<li>
Things To Eat There are also two restaurants and a cafe on-site where you can grab bite to eat.</li>
</ol>
We visited <a href="https://www.madurodam.nl/en/tickets">Madurodam</a> on 25th Feb 2023, it was a sunny day and we enjoyed it a lot, Visitors should plan to spend at least three hours in Madurodam to fully appreciate all of the miniature attractions.
<h4>Conclusion</h4>
Madurodam is a unique and fascinating destination that offers visitors a chance to experience the beauty and diversity of the Netherlands in miniature form. With over 700 miniature replicas of famous landmarks and cities, there is something for everyone to enjoy. Whether you are a history buff, an art lover, or simply looking for a fun and educational day trip, Madurodam is definitely worth a visit. If you need any specific or dynamic information then do put in a comment, we live close to Madurodam and try to provide the required information to the best of our knowledge
Enjoy our <a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Cpiq_Q6oPNb/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D">Insta</a> posts for more pictures.
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Cpiq_Q6oPNb/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D">Shubhi Sood on Instagram: "#netherlands #madrodam #liliput #miniaturepark"</a>
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=bf29daea50b5" width="1" height="1" alt="">

Madurodam: A Voyage to Lilliput of Netherlands

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*JOhrEgQIhqZSngCl"><figcaption>Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@_rishabhpandoh_?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Rishabh Pandoh</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure><h3>Road Trip to….</h3>
It’s been more than a year since we visited a hill station in the Himalayan region due to a pandemic and when you are living in the foothills(Chandigarh) of the Himalayas, a year feels like forever. Besides, our new car was also waiting for the first adventure journey on Himalayan roads. So, we started looking for an adventure ride to a quaint hill station that we have not visited before. We have almost finalized <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhousie,_India">Dalhousie</a> and started looking for a unique and isolated AirBnB away from city chaos but we did not find any good option there. So, we have changed the destination to Palampur, we have heard/read that it is one of the not so commercialized touristy places in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> unlike Shimla, Manali, Dharamshala, etc. We have also found a <a href="https://www.airbnb.co.in/rooms/25534190">perfect Airbnb near Palampur at Kandabari villag</a>e. This Airbnb was fascinating in pictures &amp; reviews that we booked it immediately without a second thought. This is a way to trick your brain that once you make a booking, then you will definitely gonna visit that place.
<blockquote>We have planned this trip in 2021 from 27th to 29th March from Chandigarh</blockquote>
<h3>Explore Tourist places</h3>
We have finalized the destination and booked the AirBnB but did not make a detailed itinerary and as Ralph Waldo Emerson said ‘It’s not the destination, it’s the journey.’.
We opened a Google Map and searched Chandigarh to Palampur route to plot a list of major cities on the way.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*bNCJasVW3FCDMG5nKvGWjw.png"></figure>I found we will go through the following cities
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandpur_Sahib">Anandpur Sahib</a> — Being a highly religious place for Sikhism, it has a lot of tourist places, the one which attracts me most is the most visited museum in the Indian subcontinent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virasat-e-Khalsa">Virasat-e-Khalsa</a> (Local people call it the 8th wonder of the world) I have never been there before so it should be in our list but our plan was during Holi and it is one of the busiest places in whole India due to 3-day Festival <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hola_Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a>, so we kept it at low priority</li>
<li>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangal">Nanga</a>l — For us, Nangal means <a href="http://is%20one%20of%20the%20highest%20gravity%20dams%20in%20the%20world/">Bhakra Dam</a>, Bhakra dam is one of the highest gravity dams in the world, the dam attracts tourists from all over India. Bhakra Dam is Just 15 km from Nangal Town, I want to visit this place since the time I studied about it in school. We dropped it for the next time considering it requires a full day along with a permit and this time we want to spend some quality time in the Mountains only</li>
<li>
Kangra — This is going to be the first Hilly region on our road trip, and it is famous for its one of the oldest forts in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India">India</a> as well as the oldest in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> name <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_Fort">Kangra Fort</a>, the good thing is, Fort is on the outskirts of the main city Along the highway so we can easily visit this place</li>
<li>
Bir-Billing — When you search for Things to do in Palampur you will find Bir: Paragliding, sounds Adventures guess what? it is just 30 Km Ahead of Palampur and I have heard a lot about Paragliding at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir,_Himachal_Pradesh">Bir</a> from my friends &amp; family who have visited this place earlier, India Hosted the 2015 Paragliding World Cup here and it is one of the world’s best and safest places for paragliding.</li>
<li>
Baijnath — Small town on the way to the Bir, famous for The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijnath_Temple">Baijnath Temple</a>, a temple of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva">Lord Shiva</a>. One of the few places in India where people don't burn the effigy of the Ravana on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayadashami">Dusharaa/Vijayadashami</a> as a mark of respect to the devotion of Ravana towards Lord Shiv.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Get, set, Go….</h3>
Day 1 We started our journey at 7 AM from Chandigarh, we took our first refreshment break after the drive of 2 hours near Nangal, we were sipping Juice at a roadside Juice Vendor when suddenly an Imbalance fast-moving Two-wheeler lost control, and, 2 Adults and a 6-month baby fell down on the road in front of us, we were shocked and ran away quickly to pick up the baby, by god grace, there was not a single scratch on the baby he was crawling as nothing happened, his parents got few scratches but no major injury and We thank God for saving their lives and were shocked due to miracle which has just happened in front our eyes.
After crossing Una we found a spot where big plain black rocks lying, we found them really fascinating for a moment considering the terrain we were coming from so we parked our car on the side and click some pictures, have not clicked any pics of the spot itself but you can notice this spot easily.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*VO3w56vk3YOz3HEZKJmYJw.jpeg"></figure>After Driving for 2 more hours we reached Kangra fort, it is one of the oldest forts in India and holds great history, you can read more bout it <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_Fort">here</a>, and enjoy the pics from the fort.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*-Gx_vXlfuyDQc0oLlCNA8A.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*DQXIaDFOiNWVsk4ZqSiy2g.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*EFhRCUCm55JukVrlXtgZ_w.jpeg"><figcaption>Entrance of Kangra Fort</figcaption></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*dVYTGMumctHT47Td76_NgA.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*SntsI7n5_novlVinn3Up1A.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*eHik22r3p_O21KVopB8azQ.jpeg"><figcaption>View from the top of Kangra Fort overlooking</figcaption></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*Hl9QJQpcYH4qu8yUNAb2Uw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*9cEU9g4FC1IolBsHIZ2m0A.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*JyO4iC6pkOK4JoqdakrvoQ.jpeg"><figcaption>Left: Rock-cut temple Right: Jain Temple</figcaption></figure><blockquote>There is an Australian valley(Nandrool Village) on the left of Kangra fort, visible from fort and can be visited by car, if you have time must visit that place, it looks amazing from fort.</blockquote>
After spending 2–3 hours at Kangra fort and having lunch we started again for our final destination Palampur(Bir), which is just 65km or 2 hours these two hours were really tiring because of the narrow road and heavy traffic moreover we were traveling since morning but still, we were not able to find any snow mountain view, suddenly we saw this view on the left side which filled our right side of the brain with great energy.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*Xim4XZF-kmHhlybnYFWOrg.png"></figure>while traveling we realized that our Airbnb is far from Bir so we decided to stay at Bir for the first night so that we can enjoy Paragliding in the morning, we booked a Night Camp at Monkey <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Monkey+Mud+Cafe+%26+Camps/@32.0481398,76.7212822,16204a,13.1y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipPntHO5qZzMzolDxCiQpgW8bPFpHlJx11tTyGUd!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPntHO5qZzMzolDxCiQpgW8bPFpHlJx11tTyGUd%3Dw152-h86-k-no!7i1440!8i810!4m9!3m8!1s0x0:0xffe5da4ad7965c59!5m2!4m1!1i2!8m2!3d32.0481398!4d76.7212822!10e5">Mud Cafe &amp; Camps</a>, and we found this place really cool while coming to this place we saw some cool cafe so we parked our car and threw our luggage in the tent and went for walk to explore Bir Market and Cafe, we went to <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Moonshine+Madness+Cafe+%26+Lounge/@32.0406574,76.7111664,21z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x0:0xc911c7af5c047105!2zMzLCsDAyJzI2LjciTiA3NsKwNDInNDAuNSJF!3b1!8m2!3d32.0407442!4d76.7112552!3m4!1s0x3904b9c342025ba7:0x23685357d6cd77ed!8m2!3d32.0407231!4d76.7112742">Moonshine Madness Cafe &amp; Lounge</a> and enjoyed our meal along with the live music.
<a href="https://medium.com/media/aea6343b60d529a8d22b0f7c337b8baa/href">https://medium.com/media/aea6343b60d529a8d22b0f7c337b8baa/href</a>After having a good dinner and we went back to monkey mud camp, we were going through the lanes of Bir, it was completely dark and we were able to view the sky full of stars, as per locals Bir is the safest place even during late night, so reached our camp enjoyed the bonfire at the camp with live and local songs.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*gMScZy00NplGTLU2Gc4a1A.png"></figure>we went to sleep in our tent, after Bone-Fire and some fun games with other people staying at camps to start a new Day when will do the Paragliding
<h4>DAY 2: 🪂</h4>
We woke up with great energy and made this quick video
<a href="https://medium.com/media/a6f85a5522ef1c22ba373b4f202561ba/href">https://medium.com/media/a6f85a5522ef1c22ba373b4f202561ba/href</a>When we move our heads to the sky, we were amazed to see the colorful birds in the blue clear sky. The colorful birds were nothing but the early paragliders in the sky 🪂
<a href="https://medium.com/media/ab28a2969dd996cb6657243d5aafad49/href">https://medium.com/media/ab28a2969dd996cb6657243d5aafad49/href</a>After having breakfast we went to para gladding, and a pickup truck came after 30 min. If you think Paragliding is the only adventure experience in Bir then here is the surprise Journey from Bir village to the take-off point, it is a narrow road with many hairpin bends, which will bring your heart into your mouth. finally, we are at the Take-off point, using Take-off feels like we are going to an airport runway, but here it simply means just highest mountain peak with enough runway to take off with a parachute
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*nacBjiM-odwgbCeu3kLb6Q.jpeg"><figcaption>Random click at Bir Take-off point</figcaption></figure>Now, we are at the take-off point, and our pilot has started opening up the parachute, but we are not ready 😳 I still remember it took 10 min to go on a ride. Finally, we took off and here we are in the cloud, fresh air on our faces and selfie stick in our hands, The satisfaction and Aderlin rush I felt after take-off was terrific, below is one of the videos we got after landing, mine was little funny😅 so that's why I am not posting it here.
<a href="https://medium.com/media/d3a200add5994f40516ffdbd6bbc94e6/href">https://medium.com/media/d3a200add5994f40516ffdbd6bbc94e6/href</a>After we landed, it took us 30 min to stabilize, we were like we are still in Air, A quick photo just after we landed, The landing site is really beautiful,
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*ILZj9z6EOTbbomBgxcdzeg.jpeg"></figure>After landing we are out of energy so we need something to eat, the landing site is close to the area where all good cafes are situated, so we started walking and stop at <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cafe+shenga+road/@32.0401181,76.7115496,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x3e4b7b16a8f95b7f?sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiBpZj-gqn9AhW17rsIHYKfCJoQ_BJ6BAhZEAM">Cafe Shenga</a>, it was such a co-incidence this cafe is run by Monkey-Mud Camp guys, we went upstairs for sitting and ordered some food, I think it was pasta and Chocolate shake, we are not that foodie so I don’t remember what we have ordered moreover we have not clicked any pictures of Food we ordered because we were so hungry and out of energy but you can enjoy some clicks from there.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*tu1KrC9Ryl_vA16y_lBTkw.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*AjoJm7-ZuFlTxA3uXueqmg.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*X43wZ2s2QKT6iEjuAZMC3w.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*A8T8GY5C5T9p7kuadyPtYw.jpeg"><figcaption>Waiting for food at cafe shenga</figcaption></figure>It's time to leave this sky full of colorful birds and pack our bags for our next destination. But, Before packing and going there is more fun we can get out of this trip. Guess what it's singing along the way of the peaceful streets of Bir Village, Because you will definitely feel a sense of achievement after doing this world-class activity. Enjoy the videos and pics:
<a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/gYJ040FFkSE?feature=share">Bir: Way to Monkey Mud Cafe from Bir Center</a>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/b7bda78bb4469372f3484e841f2b3471/href">https://medium.com/media/b7bda78bb4469372f3484e841f2b3471/href</a><ul>
<li><a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/Fui84aYfyjo?feature=share">Bir: Enjoy Bir village street with songs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/A6diHQOFPpY?feature=share">Water stream near monkey mud cafe</a></li>
</ul>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*KeJfXJ_dSXfhI_JC-nFMtQ.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*i37utSYxlRno7CMJRnwnxg.jpeg"><figcaption>Water stream near monkey mud cafe</figcaption></figure><h3>To Be continue…</h3>
Everything amazing happened in the last 2 days starting from a road trip, then spending the wonderful starry night at monkey mud cafe to do world-class paragliding activity :D. Now, WHAT NEXT
It's time to get closer to nature and get some peace of staying in mountains, What’s more, better than AirBnb in Palampur hills and fetching some time just for yourself. Be Patient and get more details about it in our Next Blog in Continuation :)
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=b731bea3e382" width="1" height="1" alt="">

Bir: Road Trip to Skies

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*JUO81mG6GKbxhvwO"><figcaption>Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@mbuff?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Sung Jin Cho</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure>What if you will be the participant of the First game(Red light Green Light) of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_Game">Squid Game </a>in reality? I know You will participate only if you are going through some bad face of life and desperately want to improve your life situation, you want independence from something or someone, but here is the first gun-shot for the one who break the rule of the game, for a moment it looks like a dummy shot but within seconds you realized its a real shot and someone is already dead, you are shocked and numb, running here and there to quit the game but you can’t?
What if I tell you, many people have played a similar game almost 100 years ago, they were also hoping to get freedom from the cruel ruler and their cruel law but the people who were organizing that game were not masked, they were shameless and brutal.
The event of Indian history I am referring to here is not something new and you must have heard/read it many times during your school time but no words can explain the brutality of the event best than watching it with your eyes, I know time machine is still a distant dream for us but the cinema and digital content are doing a great job to present some events of our great history which we have only heard or read till now.
I hope many have already guessed that I am referring to the 13th of April 1919 the unfortunate day of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a>, the day when many people have lost their lives in mass gunshot firing on orders of The Butcher of Amritsar Mr Dyer, you can read about the whole incident on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre">Wikipedia</a> in details.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*RDNmJAiJKJjSFE8lfwlBNg.jpeg"></figure><h4>What forced me to write this post?</h4>
I was watching the recent bollywood movie <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Udham">Sardar Udham</a>, I knew it is the biography of one of our GREAT freedom fighters <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udham_Singh">Sardar Udham Singh</a> and it is based on true events and will portray the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a> incident. I always used to get angry and a little scared whenever I heard/read about the event and whenever I have visited the Jallianwala Bagh, but this time when I watched the scenes of people dodging gunshots to save their lives, the first thing that come in my mind was This is the real Red Light, Green Light game from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_Game">Squid Game</a>. I know most people can easily relate to that scene with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_Game">Squid Game</a>, but when I was done watching that movie the scene keep on haunting me for the next few hours and forced me to think on the bitter truth of not giving due respect and importance to people and incident who/which has played an important role to get independence, on the other hand, I am giving full importance to similar fiction story by watching/discussing that fiction story because I have never seen/heard anything like this before without realizing I have heard about the similar real story many times and even visited that place where people have sacrificed their lives for their future generations in a fashion which should fascinate and inspire their future generation whenever they will come to know about their sacrifices. So, through this post I just want everybody to avoid such mistakes and should tell/discuss such great real stories in an extreme proud manner to everybody specifically the future generations so that they will always be aware of our people who have played The real Red Light, Green Light game from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_Game">Squid Game</a> .
<h4>Revolutionary `Sardar Udham Singh`</h4>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*qWg6Bc98w-qlT3kfRl03tg.jpeg"></figure>Sardar Udham Singh took revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre by assassinating the man behind it. While many people believe that he assassinated General Dyer, the man who ordered to open fire at the crowd, this is not true. Shaheed Udham Singh actually assassinated Michael O’Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, who endorsed and supported the killing. Michael O’Dwyer called General Dyer’s actions ‘completely correct’.
You can know more about `<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udham_Singh">Sardar Udham Singh</a>` by watching the recent movie or you can also read about him on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udham_Singh">Wikipedia</a> particularly his speech during the Dyer murder conviction, below are some of the motivating words from his speech
<pre>"I do not care about sentence of death. It means nothing at all. I do not care about dying or anything. I do not worry about it at all. I am dying for a purpose.’ Thumping the rail of the dock, he exclaimed, ‘We are suffering from the British Empire’. ‘I am not afraid to die. I am proud to die, to have to free my native land and I hope that when I am gone, I hope that in my place will come thousands of my countrymen to drive you dirty dogs out; to free my country.</pre>
<pre>"I am standing before an English jury. I am in an English court. You people go to India and when you come back you are given a prize and put in the House of Commons. We come to England and we are sentenced to death.’</pre>
<pre>"I never meant anything; but I will take it. I do not care anything about it, but when you dirty dogs come to India there comes a time when you will be cleaned out of India. All your British Imperialism will be smashed.’</pre>
<pre>"Machine guns on the streets of India mow down thousands of poor women and children wherever your so-called flag of democracy and Christianity flies.’"</pre>
<pre>Your conduct, your conduct – I am talking about the British government. I have nothing against the English people at all. I have more English friends living in England than I have in India. I have great sympathy with the workers of England. I am against the Imperialist Government.’</pre>
<h4>Conclusion: Series of coincidence</h4>
On 12th December 2021, I was watching `Sardar Udham` movie on a flight when a Flight attendant announced about him under <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU9prK4f2YAyOSxoHSVIylw/playlists">Azadi ka Amrit mahostav</a> programme by the civil aviation ministry of India(such a coincidence), I was not able to watch the complete movie during flight then I got busy but on 25th December I resume the movie randomly, after watching it completely the brutal scenes of killing innocent people forced me to write this post and on 26th December, birth anniversary of Sardar Udham Singh, I am writing this post to create more awareness about the unsung hero of our freedom struggle. It felt like he was forcing me to create more awareness about the unfortunate event of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a>.
I just request everyone to discuss more and more about our unsung heroes and feel proud of them the way we discuss fictional stories like Squid games. This story and Sardar Udham Singh is just one example there are many other stories and heroes.
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=38265227c08" width="1" height="1" alt="">

The Squid Game of 1919

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*_KSmc9U3Ql0kj5N9LmbAag.png"></figure><h3>Introduction</h3>
In the <a href="https://medium.com/@harshkurra21/web-accessibility-a11y-right-to-web-content-equality-951bfd2ebdfb?sk=ba953c8f0c32329640bdbdc980d25cc7">previous story</a>, we learned about the importance of web accessibility and how we can achieve that using standard HTML, CSS, and JS. We have learned that WAI-ARIA defines a set of additional HTML attributes that can be applied to elements to provide additional semantics and improve openness wherever it is lacking for Assistive technologies(using OS APIs).
From an HTML angle, WAI-ARIA provides extra attributes applicable to all HTML elements. An important point about WAI-ARIA attributes is that they don’t affect anything on the web page, except for the information exposed by the browser’s accessibility APIs
In the previous story, we have also learned that Accessibility does not just mean “blind users with screen readers”, but sighted keyboard users, users with colour blindness/deficiencies, deaf/hard of hearing users, users with cognitive disabilities. however, ARIA is (almost) exclusively about how to ensure that web content is correctly conveyed to assistive technologies (screen readers, screen magnifiers with screen reading capability, etc)
<h3>Assistive technologies</h3>
Software or Applications which help the differently-abled people to use web/other applications like a normal user are Assistive technologies.
<ul>
<li>JAWS</li>
<li>ZoomText</li>
<li>NVDA (free)</li>
<li>VoiceOver (free)</li>
<li>TalkBack (free)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://chromevox.com/">ChromeVox</a> extension</li>
</ul>
All these tools and application depends on OS-specific APIs for Accessibility and they help the differently-abled people to use web application like a normal user
Web-based Assistive technologies depend on WAI-ARIA attributes and semantically correct HTML Elements to work seamlessly for a differently-abled person, basically, they act as bridge b/w OS Accessibility API and WAI-ARIA attributes instructions.
<h3>WAI-ARIA Categories</h3>
There are three main features/categories defined in the spec for these WAI-ARIA attributes:
<ul><li>
Roles: it defines what an element is or does. it provides only one attribute which is ROLE, such as role="banner", role="search", role="tabgroup", role="tab" for a complete list of the role, visit <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Techniques">MDN reference here</a>. Each role further has different WAI-ARIA attribute applicable to that particular role eg aria-pressed wai-aria attribute will be available to use when you specify button role on your element. (Roles are categorized as Abstract Roles, Widget Roles, Document Structure Roles, Landmark Roles, Live Region Roles, Window Roles. Please find their details in above MDN reference)</li></ul>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/2271da0ebcfb911286f3c5e69e04ca4d/href">https://medium.com/media/2271da0ebcfb911286f3c5e69e04ca4d/href</a><ul><li>
Properties: These define the properties of elements, which can be used to give them extra meaning or semantics. As an example, aria-required="true" specifies that a form of input needs to be filled in to be valid.</li></ul>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/9a8d4aced19b6d1f54f6b26be3fe3633/href">https://medium.com/media/9a8d4aced19b6d1f54f6b26be3fe3633/href</a><ul><li>
States: Special attributes that define the current conditions of elements, such as aria-disabled="true"</li></ul>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/2edaf7291a68f161c2561df70ada149a/href">https://medium.com/media/2edaf7291a68f161c2561df70ada149a/href</a><h3>When should you use WAI-ARIA?</h3>
We talked about custom button problems in the <a href="https://medium.com/@harshkurra21/web-accessibility-a11y-right-to-web-content-equality-951bfd2ebdfb?sk=ba953c8f0c32329640bdbdc980d25cc7">previous story</a> that prompted WAI-ARIA to be created earlier on
<a href="https://medium.com/media/d350a05d9db4fa1d1cc337cc738320d1/href">https://medium.com/media/d350a05d9db4fa1d1cc337cc738320d1/href</a>Essentially, there are four main areas that WAI-ARIA is useful in:
<ul>
<li>
Landmarks: To specify the landmark/section on your web page using role attribute eg. specify search role to search section as we have seen above</li>
<li>
live-updates: static text can be easily accessed by screenreader but modern web page load most of the content dynamically and aria-live attribute helps us to specify the accessibility of area whose content will load dynamically into DOM using web APIs. Applying this attribute to an element causes screenreaders to read out the content that is updated, How urgently the content is read out depends on the attribute value:</li>
<li>polite: Updates should be announced only if the user is idle.</li>
<li>assertive: Updates should be announced to the user as soon as possible.</li>
<li>off: The default. Updates should not be announced.</li>
</ul>
Below is the sample code to understand how aria-live can be helpful for the screen reader to read the dynamically available content.
<a href="https://medium.com/media/85e504129e0a3443be042d660a797856/href">https://medium.com/media/85e504129e0a3443be042d660a797856/href</a><a href="https://medium.com/media/970e395971bd9cbf3014059aae75a573/href">https://medium.com/media/970e395971bd9cbf3014059aae75a573/href</a><a href="https://medium.com/media/d3ae231893c1b1c64167d6281b688c7a/href">https://medium.com/media/d3ae231893c1b1c64167d6281b688c7a/href</a>keyboard accessibility: As discussed in a few other places in this article, one of the key strengths of HTML with respect to accessibility is the built-in keyboard accessibility(tabbable) for an element like Button, but for complex controls, this will not be available by default but to make them keyboard accessible(particularly using the tab key to move between controls), WAI-ARIA extends the tabindex attribute with some new values:
<ul>
<li>tabindex="-1" — this allows not normally tabbable elements to receive focus programmatically, e.g. via JavaScript, or as the target of links. non-semantic controls
</li>
<li>tabindex="0" — this value allows elements that are not normally tabbable to become tabbable. This is the most useful value of tabindex.</li>
</ul>
<h3>What ARIA doesn’t do…</h3>
ARIA is not magic: it only changes how assistive technology interprets content. specifically, ARIA does not:
<ul>
<li>make an element focusable</li>
<li>provide appropriate keyboard bindings</li>
<li>change browser behaviour</li>
<li>automatically maintain/update properties</li>
<li>change visible appearance</li>
</ul>
all of this is still your responsibility…
<blockquote>No ARIA is better than bad ARIA</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>ARIA roles/attributes are a “promise” to users / assistive technologies (e.g. “this component is actually a button…”) — you must ensure that it then behaves correctly</li>
<li>if you’re not sure how to represent a particular complex widget or control, don’t just throw ARIA roles and attributes at your markup — you’re more likely to make things worse / more confusing / non-functional for assistive technology users</li>
</ul>
<h4>List of Popular/Important ARIA Attribute</h4>
<ul>
<li>aria-required</li>
<li>role</li>
<li>aria-label</li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#aria-labelledby">aria-labelledby</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#aria-disabled">aria-disabled</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#aria-selected">aria-selected</a> : tab selection</li>
<li>aria-hidden</li>
<li>aria-checked</li>
<li>aria-expanded</li>
<li>aria-setsize</li>
<li>aria-posinset</li>
</ul>
Complete list of all properties and state-based ARIA attribute can be found <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#state_prop_def">here</a>
<h3>Tools</h3>
There are a number of tools available to test the accessibility in your web application or website. W3.org has listed all <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/">Accessibility evaluation tools Here</a>, I have not tried all of them but checked a few of them and also found some of them are outdated. I personally using
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chromevox-classic-extensi/kgejglhpjiefppelpmljglcjbhoiplfn?hl=en">ChromeVox Classic extension</a> to test screen reader based accessibility for my application</li>
<li>VoiceOver screen reader available on mac by default</li>
<li>Also using <a href="https://github.com/Muhnad/a11y-checker">a11y-checker </a>open-source automated tool to test accessibility issues in HTML markup. I have found this in w3.org listing. this is quite good and support all modern <a href="https://9yly237pkr.codesandbox.io/">front-end framework like React</a>.</li>
<li>There are extension and plugins available for all major Text editor starting from VSCode(I have not tried anyone as of now)</li>
<li>All major browsers support Accessible Tab/Pane to view accessibility tree, ARIA attributes, and computed accessibility properties of DOM nodes.</li>
</ul>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*uADYQgdK7F1DCl2DwAzhPw.png"><figcaption>Screen-shot from Chrome Accessibility-Pane</figcaption></figure><ul><li>From Chrome V84 onwards Accessibility info of element also available as a tooltip on hovering element in inspect mode</li></ul>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*1GOxwYkYtbMSGMKlk02D8w.png"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/926/1*5KpAQwdow3QiL86Y3oBFNQ.png"></figure><ul><li>Use Chrome Audit panel to determine if A page is properly marked up for screen readers.(<a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/accessibility/reference">Chrome Accessibility testing Reference</a> )</li></ul>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*a_rN3WU26SIGU8kKAHXbIQ.png"></figure><ul><li>Other people are also incorporating <a href="https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-cli">aXe</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pa11y/pa11y">pa11y</a> into their build steps</li></ul>
If you have better tools or toolchain then you can share the same in the comment section.
<h3>The accessibility tree</h3>
<a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/accessibility/semantics-builtin/the-accessibility-tree">The accessibility tree</a> is a subset of the DOM tree. It only contains elements from the DOM tree that are relevant and useful for displaying the page’s contents in a screen reader or Assistive Technologies.
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
Like the previous story, this story is based on my learning experience from different resources over the internet mostly from MDN.
In this story, I have tried my best to provide the usage details of WAI-ARIA Attributes and How they help the Assistive technologies based Application like screen-reader to provide web content accessibility to differently-abled people.
In some section, I have provided a detailed reference of MDN resources, I would prefer to go through them. I will try to provide a detailed case-study on “Enabling Asseccabilty in complex widgets like Calendar &amp; ProgressBar ” in future till then Stay Safe! and don't forget to provide the feedback in the comment section.
Happy Coding!
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=53d54da8627e" width="1" height="1" alt=""><hr>
<a href="https://levelup.gitconnected.com/web-accessibility-a11y-wai-aria-attributes-53d54da8627e">Web Accessibility(A11y): WAI-ARIA Attributes</a> was originally published in <a href="https://levelup.gitconnected.com/">Level Up Coding</a> on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Web Accessibility(A11y): WAI-ARIA Attributes

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<a href="https://medium.com/swlh/web-accessibility-a11y-right-to-web-content-equality-951bfd2ebdfb?source=rss-9e09aaed77b0------2"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2600/0*1AREUYxYuitysbtG" width="5616"></a>
This story will give you quick insight on Web Accessibility(A11y) and provide you with the big picture of Web Accessibility
<a href="https://medium.com/swlh/web-accessibility-a11y-right-to-web-content-equality-951bfd2ebdfb?source=rss-9e09aaed77b0------2">Continue reading on The Startup »</a>
</div>

Web Accessibility(A11y): Right to Web-Content Equality

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*q8fsFF_i00TozpLto52B5A.jpeg"></figure>Recently, my sister brought me the 250GB Transcend JetDrive from the USA for my MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2015). My current SSD has only 250 Gb of storage which is enough for System Applications along with my professional Software Development but I can not keep oversized File format particularly media files like Video, Images etc. Being a Cross-platform developer I also need to switch to multiple platforms to verify my development on a different platform, for that, I also need to keep Windows and Linux Virtual machines set up on my machine. A single VM requires at least 50 GB so I can not afford it with limited 250 Gb from internal SSD.
I needed to expand my disk Capacity at any cost, My Macbook pro model does not officially support some way to extend the disk capacity so I have to decide b/w external SSD and Transcend JetDrive. I choose Transcend JetDrive because of its small, compact, hidden, and always available or attached media disk Nature.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/679/1*gRg7UZC_2TkxtQzLBEY6_A.jpeg"></figure><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/679/1*Fc7b32yXmt2Nd8CBcWbWPA.jpeg"><figcaption>JetDrive Lite 360 won’t stick out like a normal memory card or external SSDs(Photo Credit Amazon.com)</figcaption></figure>I know its Read/Write speed nowhere close to the SSD but Transcend claiming it be 90 &amp; 60 MB/s for reading and writing, which is close to 5400 RPM HDD. I know in the real scenario, I will be getting only 60% of what they are claiming, but I am fine with that and below is the real speed I am getting on my device, benchmarked through <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/blackmagic-disk-speed-test/id425264550?mt=12">Blackmagic Disk Speed Test</a>. This is like 90% of what Transcend is claiming. It is good enough for most of the media files.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*_W7UXegOpG0ZBfihAeMbnQ.png"><figcaption>Speed test benchmarked through BlackMagic Disk speed test</figcaption></figure><h3>Installations Problem</h3>
I was so excited when I get hands on it, I put it directly in the Memory card Slot available in my MacBook pro. I open finder app to see it in file explorer but I did not find it so, I restart my system to make it detectable by the system.
Here is the first problem I faced, My system giving me MacOs boot tone after every few seconds continuously without showing any start-up screen or loading bar, so my system was not able to boot up, I pressed the start button for hard shutdown, waited for few seconds and started it again, now it works like expected and system also working like normal, I have also copied few media files in the card but after few minutes of usage, my system start showing complete black screen although songs were playing normally in the background.
I made the hard shut-down and restarted it, again after few minutes I faced this problem for like 5–6 time finally, I removed the card and started my system it is working normally, a sign of relief but with a disappointment of the card did not work. After 20 minutes of usage, it again starts showing a black screen and it was really a disappointment.
I searched the internet for the specific driver I need to install to make it work, I found there is a jet <a href="https://www.transcend-info.com/Support/Software-181">drive-Toolbox</a> software provided by Transcend, I installed it and also enabled the power save mode setting assuming it will not put the system in sleep mode to avoid black screen, still, I was facing the same issue.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*kOT2f9Ql5mp_aTSieCcJcg.png"></figure>After researching a lot and contacting customer care, I found I need to <a href="https://osxdaily.com/2017/04/02/fix-black-screen-wake-sleep-mac/">clear the NVRAM</a>, space which holds booting information like drive to boot, a system resolution to pick, sound to play during bootup etc.
<h4>Steps to clear the NVRAM on MacBook pro</h4>
<ol>
<li>Turn off the Mac</li>
<li>Next, reboot the Mac again and this time hold down Command+Option+P+R keys concurrently for about 20 seconds, this resets the NVRAM</li>
</ol>
After Clearing NVRAM, it did well but again I faced the black screen issue after 1–2 hours of usage, I cleared the NVRAM multiple times both with Card and Without the card, but I faced this issues multiple times.
At the time of installation, I was on macOS V10.14.2, Update to 10.14.6 was pending at the time of card installation, in hope of fixing this issue on latest OS, I have also updated to the latest version, even after the update I have faced the similar problem
Finally, I start using the card with the black-screen problem because now this is less consistent and I was clearing NVRAM on each restart or system start. After a few days, it is working normally and I have never faced this problem from last 2–3 months so, not sure what could be the cause at my end. For you, I would recommend installing the JetDrive Toolbox first before inserting the card in your system.
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
After 4 months of usage, I will rate it 4 stars out of 5, I deduct one star only because of the black-screen problem I faced, I have also installed the Virtual box based Windows and Ubuntu OS on this card and they are working like charm without any major performance issue, obviously, these VMs are not my primary development machine but giving good performance required for cross-platform verification only.
Overall - Rating : ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Performance : ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Installation: ⭐ ⭐
Pricing: 💵 💵 💵 💵
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=9d589ec919be" width="1" height="1" alt=""><hr>
<a href="https://medium.com/macoclock/review-transcend-jetdrive-lite-360-for-macbook-pro-9d589ec919be">Review: Transcend JetDrive Lite 360 for Macbook Pro</a> was originally published in <a href="https://medium.com/macoclock">Mac O’Clock</a> on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Review: Transcend JetDrive Lite 360 for Macbook Pro

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*eL42Gt7K-YeKWSWc"><figcaption>Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@shagal_sajid?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Shagal Sajid</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure>We all know the scroll bar is a UI component which commonly located on the far right or bottom of a window that allows you to move the window viewing area up, down, left, or right. Most people today are familiar with scroll bars because of the need to scroll up and down on almost every web page and application.
<h3>
Problems with the scrollbar in web-application</h3>
<ul>
<li>All operating systems have a different type of Native Scrollbars and most browsers inherit OS-specific scrollbar, which makes your web-application Scrollbar’s look &amp; feel different on different OS. Web-kit based browsers support <a href="https://css-tricks.com/custom-scrollbars-in-webkit/">scrollbar UI customization </a>through CSS but what about others?</li>
<li>They take some extra space horizontally or vertically which reduce the available space for your web page content or your content container like a table(WebKit based browsers provides an <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/overflow">overlay</a> value make scrollbar to draw on top of content to get rid of these extra space but again what about other browsers?)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Motivation</h3>
<figure><img alt="Custom scroll-bar in Facebook Messanger pop-up" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/428/1*eu5fGYBev9EUZV4hKvFB_w.gif"><figcaption>Facebook Messenger Custom Scrollbar</figcaption></figure><ul>
<li>
Facebook: I have found a custom scrollbar in Facebook messenger pop-up, which appears on hovering.</li>
<li>
Gmail: You can also notice similar scrollbar in Gmail below the Email compose button on hovering</li>
<li>You might have noticed similar Scroll bar in other Applications even in ‘Code sandbox’ project you can notice similar scrollbar</li>
</ul>
In this story, I will walk you through the steps on how to create the custom scrollbar in React, we can use the same technique in other Front-end Frameworks like Angular but before taking a deep dive, let's visualize the different components of a scroll-bar
<figure><img alt="Different component of Scroll-bar and other related terms" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*vCRRPEIw8_UjvscGz_vPHQ.png"><figcaption>Scroll-bar Components</figcaption></figure><a href="https://github.com/hkurra/react-on-hover-scrollbar">hkurra/react-on-hover-scrollbar</a>
Complete Code-Sand-box project <a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/github/hkurra/react-on-hover-scrollbar/tree/master/">Link</a>
<h4>Steps we need to perform</h4>
<ol>
<li>Hide Browser’s Native Scroll-bar</li>
<li>Add Custom Scroll-Bar UI, this will be visible on mouse hover</li>
<li>Add Custom scroll-thumb in scroll-bar</li>
<li>Calculate scroll-thumb Height based on scrollable content</li>
<li>Change scroll-thumb position on mouse scroll in scroll-host</li>
<li>Change scroll-thumb position on mouse drag</li>
</ol>
All these steps have explained below in great depth
<h3>Hide Native Scroll-bar</h3>
First things we need to do is to Hide the native scroll-bar of the browser on the scroll-host element, don't disable the scrolling through overflow: hidden
<blockquote>Why? we will see the reason soon.</blockquote>
Below is the CSS to hide the scroll-bar on different browsers. <a href="https://9bmr3.csb.app/">Here</a> is the link of code sandbox project where I have used the below CSS to hide scroll-bar on my scroll-host container
<a href="https://medium.com/media/9b0f37667eeaf93e27d8d4b377ee4c5d/href">https://medium.com/media/9b0f37667eeaf93e27d8d4b377ee4c5d/href</a>So, we get-rid off the Browser Native scroll-bar through the above steps. Before moving to the next steps, I have created a <a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/hide-scroll-bar-ps471?file=/src/onHover.js">Code Sandbox Project</a>, which has a complete implementation. Users with an intermediate or higher level of experience can directly move there to understand the logic directly from the code. Although, I would recommend reading through the article to understand everything in detail.
<h3>Let's create our custom scrollbar</h3>
Next step is to render a Scroll-bar and Scroll-box thumb over our scroll-host which will help us to scroll the content through mouse drag. First, we will add a scroll-bar that will appear on hovering. Below is the code snippet along with its CSS.
<a href="https://medium.com/media/e57b0261e3dea525b88ca91517df7a03/href">https://medium.com/media/e57b0261e3dea525b88ca91517df7a03/href</a><a href="https://medium.com/media/e20b51b4965ae6453d7ee85f66d4231d/href">https://medium.com/media/e20b51b4965ae6453d7ee85f66d4231d/href</a>So, now we have separate reusable component name CustomScrollDiv, which is rendering your content in it along with scroll-bar, and this scroll-bar will be visible only when the user is hovering your CustomScrollDiv component.
<h4>Render</h4>
<ul>
<li>
Scroll-host: it represents your custom div container which will render custom scroll-bar on hover, it is going to hold scrollable content(at line 25 it is rendering children props), any props you will provide to CustomScrollDiv will get applied on this div. Refer to line 23
</li>
<li>
Scroll-bar: This is going to hold the scroll-thumb and provide a tracking area for scroll-thumb. In the later section, we will add scroll-thumb in this component. Here, we are leveraging the absolute positioning CSS property to render the scrollbar container over our scroll-host at the fixed position keeping its height equal to 100% of Scroll-host-container.
</li>
<li>
Scroll-host-container: It is a container/wrapper of your actual component aka scroll-host. Being a container, It is listening mouse over and mouse out event(line 17, 18) instead of scroll-host.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>why do we need this?</blockquote>
<blockquote>This will help us to keep the scroll-bar height equal to the client height of scroll-host, without this you have to keep the height of scroll-bar equal to scrollHeight of scroll-host which will cause a flickering issue when you have very large scrollHeight(I will explain this in the last section)</blockquote>
<h4>State</h4>
For now, we are keeping only a single state i.e. hovering,
we are changing its value under <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/mouseout_event">mouseout</a> and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/mouseover_event">mouseover</a> event handler registered on Scroll-host-container. As we move forward, we will add more states
Now with above component and CSS in place, you will notice that scroll-bar is visible on hovering and your content is still scrollable
<figure><img alt="Custom Scroll-bar visible on mouse hover scroll-host" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*HeiVhdkTTG3ZBcsTRJzh9Q.gif"><figcaption>Custom Scroll-bar visible on mouse hover scroll-host</figcaption></figure><blockquote>Do you know why your content is still scrollable?</blockquote>
To hide the scroll-bar we did not use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/overflow">overflow: hidden</a>, which does two things to scrolling
<ol>
<li>
Hides the scrollbars</li>
<li>Disallows the user to scroll the content</li>
</ol>
With this, you have also got the answer to the above question.
<h3>Let's hold the scroll bar, Scroll-Thumb it is</h3>
Our next step is to render the Scroll-thumb (box) or scroll-holder, through which a user can not only scroll the content through mouse dragging but it helps the user to identify the length of scrollable content with its positioning relative to scroll-bar. This is the most critical/complex part of this implementation. So, be attentive else first have a cup of coffee/tea 🍮 😉.
<h4>Scroll-thumb Rendering</h4>
First, we will add a new div element inside scroll-bar representing scroll-thumb
<a href="https://medium.com/media/f0142b314674e0919ebfa9d12266e5c8/href">https://medium.com/media/f0142b314674e0919ebfa9d12266e5c8/href</a><h4>Scroll-thumb height calculation</h4>
<ul>
<li>Next, we have to find the height of this scroll-thumb based on the scrollable content, its time to refresh the basic mathematic percentage formula.</li>
<li>Don't take much stress its a simple math. Before moving to the formula, let's understand the below terminology</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/clientHeight">clientHeight</a> : it’s the inner height of an element</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/scrollHeight">scrollHeight</a>: it’s the height of an element’s content
</blockquote>
<ul><li>Now, here is the formula where the height of RHV of scroll host or area which is scrollable</li></ul>
<blockquote>scrollThumbHeight = (clientHeight/scrollHeight) * clientHeight</blockquote>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/7269aabe0dc3c2c95c3ec82517dd8aa2/href">https://medium.com/media/7269aabe0dc3c2c95c3ec82517dd8aa2/href</a><ul>
<li>Set the minimum height of 20 px of scroll-box to avoid the negative height of the scroll box in case of very big scrollable content.</li>
<li>In React, we will calculate this height just after our CustomScrollDiv element gets mounted in DOM, you can use the componentDidMount lifecycle method in case of the class-based component or useEffect hooks for a functional component.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Scroll-thumb positioning</h4>
<ul><li>In order to change the position of above scroll-thumb on mouse-scrolling, we need to follow below steps 1. handle the scroll event on scroll-host 2. Change the top position of scroll-thumb on every scroll movement in handler registered in step 1 based on the following formula</li></ul>
<blockquote>scrollThumbTop = (scrollTop/scrollHeight) * clientHeight</blockquote>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*GmoJ8KReZQNK7t3wphKRSA.gif"><figcaption>Scroll-thumb moving on mouse scroll</figcaption></figure><ul><li>after this change, CustomScrollDiv component will look like this</li></ul>
<a href="https://medium.com/media/1cf3459f5e346aacf0ea5099536b58d5/href">https://medium.com/media/1cf3459f5e346aacf0ea5099536b58d5/href</a><h4>Scroll-Thumb dragging</h4>
<ul>
<li>Now, we have scroll-bar and scroll-thumb of the correct size and they are also moving correctly on mouse scroll in the scroll-host area. Still, mouse dragging on scroll-thumb is not working, let’s see how can we handle that:</li>
<li>To handle the dragging on scroll-thumb, we need to handle the 1. mouseDown event on Scroll-thumb element and 2. mousemove, mouseup &amp; mouseleave on document</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>Why document?</blockquote>
<blockquote>because while dragging you can move your mouse anywhere in the document, this is the default behaviour in all scroll-bar, you can verify this behaviour by doing scrolling while reading this story</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>To identify if a user is dragging scroll-thumb or not, we will keep the state isDragging in component and also need to store the Y coordinate of Scroll-Thumb element when a user starts dragging</li>
<li>Now, let's walk through what we need to do in each event handler</li>
</ul>
<h4>First mouseDown Handler on scroll-thumb
</h4>
Mouse down on Scroll-thumb implies, a user going to start dragging through Scroll-Thumb, so, we are keeping the current Y coordinate location of Scroll-Thumb, and changing isDragging state to true
<a href="https://medium.com/media/1afb58654a6d226be777cb014043e061/href">https://medium.com/media/1afb58654a6d226be777cb014043e061/href</a><h4>Document mouseleave and mouseup event
</h4>
mouseLeave and mouseUp event on document signify user going to stop the dragging if it is currently dragging the mouse-thumb, so we are changing isDragging state to false
<a href="https://medium.com/media/a7cac0e1644551cbea0c26473868963c/href">https://medium.com/media/a7cac0e1644551cbea0c26473868963c/href</a><h4>Document mouseMove Handling
</h4>
To give scrolling effect on dragging, we need to change the scroll-top of the below components:
<ul>
<li>
Scroll-Thumb: The change in scroll-top of scroll-thumb is the vertical change in the mouse position during dragging. To calculate that value we need the last scroll-thumb position which we have saved in lastScrollThumbPosition state. At line 9(see below) we are getting change in scroll-thumb position and in line 15 we are incrementing scroll-thumb top by that value.</li>
<li>
Scroll-Host: The change in scroll top of scroll-host is calculated using below formula, if you have noticed new scroll-top is the percentage of change in mouse position during dragging.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>newScrollHostTop = (scrollHeight / offsetHeight) * deltaY;</blockquote>
we are calculating this change in scrollTop at line 10 and applying this at line 20
<a href="https://medium.com/media/838050ecec681263c86e7adfa16bd18e/href">https://medium.com/media/838050ecec681263c86e7adfa16bd18e/href</a>Now, we have achieved our goal and our Custom scroll-bar on hovering is ready which is also working on mouse dragging on Scroll-Thumb, this is how it will work now.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*jkiQri7Xc7f5vMPCgLyN4A.gif"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>
I have tried my best to keep this story easy to understand though, it requires prerequisite like <a href="https://reactjs.org/">React</a>, <a href="https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html">React-Hooks</a>, DOM layout, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model#HTML_DOM">JS DoM API</a> etc. Some sections might require extra elaboration but to keep the story concise and understandable for all kind of users I have mentioned only important points. Feel free to ask your doubts and suggestions in the comments section below.
You are free to use the <a href="https://codesandbox.io/s/custom-scrollbar-on-hover-ps471?file=/src/CustomScrollDiv.js:162-177">CustomScrollDiv</a> Component in your code but for production, you might need to handle extra stuff like, currently, I am calculating scroll-thumb height only after component mount, but it can change if a user resizes windows or if your scroll-host load data lazily and change scrollHeight lazily.
Voila!! Now, we have our own Custom Scroll bar :)
Stay Safe and Keep coding!!
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<a href="https://levelup.gitconnected.com/build-on-hover-custom-scrollbar-in-react-d846194a7ea4">Build an On-hover Custom Scrollbar in React</a> was originally published in <a href="https://levelup.gitconnected.com/">Level Up Coding</a> on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Build an On-hover Custom Scrollbar in React

<div class="medium-feed-item">
<a href="https://medium.com/macoclock/ie-development-testing-and-debugging-for-macos-based-web-developer-558084410be1?source=rss-9e09aaed77b0------2"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2600/1*swRP-60cMyRt6OnYwXVt-w.png" width="2829"></a>
In the current era, when Internet Explorer is not even in the top 5 browsers list by usage and Microsoft itself moved to Chromium-based…
<a href="https://medium.com/macoclock/ie-development-testing-and-debugging-for-macos-based-web-developer-558084410be1?source=rss-9e09aaed77b0------2">Continue reading on Mac O’Clock »</a>
</div>

IE Development, Testing and Debugging for macOS based web developer

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*MiWlt4iVjV2RO0XSqilmeA.png"></figure>Recently, I was using a Linear Gradient in one of my projects, to implement linear-gradient I have read complete usage documentation from <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/linear-gradient">MDN</a>, It works like charm on Chrome, firefox but when I tested it on safari it was not working as expected then I have found out, safari requires special WebKit <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/InternetWeb/Conceptual/SafariVisualEffectsProgGuide/Gradients/Gradient.html">prefixed gradient</a> function, instead of normal gradient function
<blockquote>background: -webkit-linear-gradient(aqua, white)</blockquote>
I have added two background styling like we generally do to support different vendor-specific properties
<blockquote>background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to right, rgb(245, 245, 245, 0.8), #f5f5f5 65%);</blockquote>
<blockquote>background: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(245, 245, 245, 0.8), #f5f5f5 65%);</blockquote>
Still, it was not working on safari as expected maybe you have figured out the issue, but it took me more than 40 min to found the actual issue, yes the issue is, it should be rgba instead if rgb, well at my end we have some utility which is converting Hex color to RGBa color I have never realized it is giving rgb instead of rgba but why I was not able to found this bug earlier? because Chrome and Firefox both behaving correctly with rgb(245, 245, 245, 0.8) wheres safari requires rgba in order to make it work.
<blockquote>background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to right, rgba(245, 245, 245, 0.8), #f5f5f5 65%);</blockquote>
<blockquote>background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(245, 245, 245, 0.8), #f5f5f5 65%);</blockquote>
You can also test this at your end, so always use rgba where ever requires to support maximum browsers in every scenario.
Browser Version I was testing on:
<ol>
<li>
Chrome: 78.0.3904.70</li>
<li>
Safari: 12.0.3 (14606.4.5)</li>
<li>
Firefox: 70.0.1 (64-bit)</li>
</ol>
References:
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/linear-gradient">linear-gradient()</a>
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/InternetWeb/Conceptual/SafariVisualEffectsProgGuide/Gradients/Gradient.html">https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/InternetWeb/Conceptual/SafariVisualEffectsProgGuide/Gradients/Gradient.html</a>
<img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&amp;referrerSource=full_rss&amp;postId=546794bce33f" width="1" height="1" alt="">

Harsh Kurra